References

1000minds. (2026). The Delphi method: A powerful tool for group decision-making. https://www.1000minds.com/decision-making/delphi-method
Adriaensen, I., Broeckx, L., De Witte, N., van der Auwera, V., Apuzzo, G.M., Evans, D.B. (2022): Establishing a sustainable living lab. https://thomasmore.be/sites/default/files/2025-03/Establishing%20a%20sustainable%20living%20lab%20%283%29.pdf
Aniche, L. Q., Edelenbos, J., Gianoli, A., Enseñado, E. M., Makousiari, E., DeLosRíos-White, M. I., … & Zalokar, S. (2024). Boosting co-creation of Nature‐based Solutions within Living Labs: Interrelating enablers using Interpretive Structural Modelling. Environmental Science & Policy, 161, 103873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103873
Arts-based research. (2008). In The SAGE encyclopedia of qualitative research methods. SAGE Publications.: https://sk.sagepub.com/ency/edvol/download/research/chpt/artsbased-research.pdf
Berberi, A., Beaudoin, C., McPhee, C., Guay, J., Bronson, K., & Nguyen, V. M. (2026). Enablers, barriers, and future considerations for living lab effectiveness in environmental and agricultural sustainability transitions: a review of studies evaluating living labs. Local Environment, 31(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2023.2238750
Berkovic, D. (2023) – Interviews. In Qualitative Research: A Practical Guide for Health and Social Care Researchers and Practitioners: Chapter 13: Interviews https://oercollective.caul.edu.au/qualitative-research/chapter/13/
Biggs, R., De Vos, A., Preiser, R., Clements, H., Maciejewski, K., & Schlüter, M. (2021). The Routledge handbook of research methods for social-ecological systems (p. 526). Taylor & Francis. https://doi-org.mime.uit.no/10.4324/9781003021339
Biggs, R., De Vos, A., Preiser, R., Clements, H., Maciejewski, K., & Schlüter, M. (2021). The Routledge handbook of research methods for social-ecological systems (p. 82-92). Taylor & Francis. https://doi-org.mime.uit.no/10.4324/9781003021339
Brown, Maddie (2023) – Writing Good Survey Questions: 10 Best Practices. https://www.nngroup.com/articles/survey-best-practices/#:~:text=In%20This%20Article:,Can%20Find%20the%20Answer%20to
Campoli, A. (2022). Art-based research methods, STE(A)M and global challenges. Open University Blog, 13 February. https://www.open.ac.uk/blogs/design/art-based-research-methods-steam-and-global-challenges/#:~:text=Art%2DBased%20Research%20(ABR),process%20or%20access%20research%20outcomes
Castro, C. V. (2022). Systems-thinking for environmental policy coherence: Stakeholder knowledge, fuzzy logic, and causal reasoning. Environmental Science & Policy, 136, 413-427. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S146290112200209X
Castro, C. V. (2022). Systems-thinking for environmental policy coherence: Stakeholder knowledge, fuzzy logic, and causal reasoning. Environmental Science & Policy, 136, 413-427. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S146290112200209X
Cellina, F., Rudel, R., De Luca, V., Rizzoli, A. E., Botta, M., Raubal, M., … & Weiser, P. (2016, April). Eco-feedback and gamification elements for sustainability: the GoEco! living lab experiment. In Poster presented at the 6th European Transport Research Conference (TRA 2016). Warsaw. Poland. https://files.ifi.uzh.ch/hilty/t/Literature_by_RQs/RQ%20215/2016_Cellina_Rudel_De%20Luca_Eco-feedback_and_gamification_elements.pdf
Center for Theory of Change (2026). What is Theory of Change?. https://www.theoryofchange.org/what-is-theory-of-change/
Chipman, H. A., George, E. I., & McCulloch, R. E. (2010). BART: Bayesian additive regression trees. The Annals of Applied Statistics, 4(1), 266–298. https://doi.org/10.1214/09-AOAS285
Coletta, V. R., Pagano, A., Pluchinotta, I., Fratino, U., Scrieciu, A., Nanu, F., & Giordano, R. (2021). Causal Loop Diagrams for supporting Nature Based Solutions participatory design and performance assessment. Journal of Environmental Management, 280, 111668. https://www-sciencedirect-com.mime.uit.no/science/article/pii/S0301479720315930
Doorley, S., Holcomb, S., Klebahn, P., Segovia, K., Utley, J. (2018). Design thinking bootleg. https://dschool.stanford.edu/tools/design-thinking-bootleg
Durham E., Baker H., Smith M., Moore E. & Morgan V. (2014). The BiodivERsA Stakeholder Engagement Handbook. BiodivERsA, Paris (108 pp). https://www.biodiversa.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/stakeholder-engagement-handbook.pdf
Eby, Kate (2023): The Ultimate Guide to Identifying, Setting, Tracking, and Sharing Project Milestones. https://www.smartsheet.com/content/project-milestones
Elliott, M., Burdon, D., Atkins, J. P., Borja, A., Cormier, R., De Jonge, V. N., & Turner, R. K. (2017). “And DPSIR begat DAPSI (W) R (M)!”-a unifying framework for marine environmental management. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 118(1-2), 27-40. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X17302692
Fohlmeister, S., Augenstein, I., Jones, C., Ramirez, D., and Lupp, G. (2020). Starter Toolbox for Stakeholder Knowledge Mapping to Co-Design Nature-Based Solutions at Case Study Sites. https://www.phusicos.eu/globalassets/bilder/eksterne-prosjektsider/phusicos/publications/deliverable-d3-2.pdf
Fohlmeister, S., Augenstein, I., Jones, C., Ramirez, D., and Lupp, G. (2020). Starter Toolbox for Stakeholder Knowledge Mapping to Co-Design Nature-Based Solutions at Case Study Sites. https://www.phusicos.eu/globalassets/bilder/eksterne-prosjektsider/phusicos/publications/deliverable-d3-2.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2005). Participatory policy development for sustainable agriculture and rural development: Guidelines from the Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development – Farming Systems Evolution Project. https://www.fao.org/4/ak483e/ak483e00.pdf
Fritz, L., & Meinherz, F. (2020). Tracing power in transdisciplinary sustainability research: an exploration. GAIA-Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, 29(1), 41-51.: https://doi.org/10.14512/gaia.29.1.9
George, T. (2023). What Is Participant Observation? | Definition & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved March 27, 2026. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/participant-observation
Government Analysis Function. (n.d.). The analysis function theory of change toolkit. https://analysisfunction.civilservice.gov.uk/policy-store/the-analysis-function-theory-of-change-toolkit/#section-2
Green, W. (n.d.). Regression analysis. Amazing World of Science with Mr. Green. https://www.mrgscience.com/regression-analysis.html
Gugerell, K. (2023). Serious games for sustainability transformations: participatory research methods for sustainability‐toolkit# 7. GAIA-Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, 32(3), 292-295. https://www.oekom.de/_files_media/zeitschriften/artikel/GAIA_2023_03_292.pdf
Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., & Sarsa, H. (2014) – Does Gamification Work? A Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Gamification. https://www.scribd.com/document/379174871/2014-hamari-et-al-does-gamification-work-pdf
Hanington, B., & Martin, B. (2019). Universal methods of design expanded and revised: 125 Ways to research complex problems, develop innovative ideas, and design effective solutions. Rockport publishers. https://assets.super.so/9bd43d2f-3d87-4399-bcf0-c72619825ed8/files/a8e97f99-0b36-4e2e-9dd7-3def0f66add8.pdf
Haraldsson, H. V. (2004). Introduction to systems and causal loop diagrams. System Dynamic Course, Lumes, Lund University, Sweden https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hoerdur-Haraldsson/publication/258261003_Introduction_to_system_thinking_and_causal_loop_diagrams/links/5bcceed6458515f7d9d01e81/Introduction-to-system-thinking-and-causal-loop-diagrams.pdf
Helms, M. M., & Nixon, J. (2010). Exploring SWOT analysis – where are we now? A review of academic research. Journal of Strategy and Management, 3(3), 215-251. https://doi.org/10.1108/17554251011064837
Herth, A., Verburg, R., & Blok, K. (2025). How can campus living labs thrive to reach sustainable solutions?. Cleaner Production Letters, 8, 100078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clpl.2024.100078
Hugé, J., & Mukherjee, N. (2018). The nominal group technique in ecology & conservation: Application and challenges. Methods in Ecology & Evolution, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12831
Hurley, P. D., Rose, D. C., Burgess, P. J., & Staley, J. T. (2024). Barriers and enablers to uptake of agroecological and regenerative practices, and stakeholder views towards ‘living labs’. https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/items/b9be9bb5-cb6d-4f39-bcdf-4ba777ed0cd1
Imperial College London (n.d.). Best practice for interviews. https://www.imperial.ac.uk/education-research/evaluation/tools-and-resources-for-evaluation/interviews/best-practice-for-interviews/
Jamshed, S. (2014). Qualitative research method-interviewing and observation. Journal of basic and clinical pharmacy, 5(4), 87. https://pmc-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.mime.uit.no/articles/PMC4194943/
Joly, P. B., Gaunand, A., Colinet, L., Larédo, P., Lemarié, S., & Matt, M. (2015). ASIRPA: A comprehensive theory-based approach to assessing the societal impacts of a research organization. Research Evaluation, 24(4), 440-453. https://doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvv015
Kanojia (2026) What is a Gantt chart? Definition, components, and best practices. https://plane.so/blog/what-is-a-gantt-chart-definition-components-and-best-practices
Krueger, T., Page, T., Hubacek, K., Smith, L., & Hiscock, K. (2012). The role of expert opinion in environmental modelling. Environmental Modelling & Software, 36, 4-18. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136481521200028X
Kunming-Montreal Biodiversity Framework (2024). Introduction to the GBF (Decision V/6). https://www.cbd.int/gbf/introduction#:~:text=9.,harmony%20with%20nature%20by%202050
Latune, J., Berthet, E. T., Fouqueray, T., Souchère, V., & Frascaria, N. (2024). Analysing the potential of serious games to raise new research questions on social-ecological systems. Natures Sciences Sociétés, 32(2), 216-225. https://doi.org/10.1051/nss/2024048
Maptionnaire (2023). A comprehensive guide to community mapping for planning professionals. https://www.maptionnaire.com/blog/guide-to-community-mapping-for-planning
Mashi, I., Nyamakura, B., Castellana, D., van den Homberg, M., Werner, M. (2024). Impact monitoring and evaluation in living labs: Overarching theory of change narrative. https://icisk.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Impact-monitoring-and-evaluation-1.pdf
Mathur, Srishti (2026): What is Two-Way Communication? https://www.simpplr.com/glossary/two-way-communication/
Mayer, S., & Schwemmle, M. (2025). The impact of design thinking and its underlying theoretical mechanisms: A review of the literature. Creativity and Innovation Management, 34(1), 78–110. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12626
Metke, Hannah (2025) – Participatory GIS. https://sustainabilitymethods.org/index.php/Participatory_GIS
Moiso, Deborah Rim (2024): A step-by-step guide to planning a workshop | SessionLab. https://www.sessionlab.com/blog/planning-a-workshop/
Moore, M.-L., & Milkoreit, M. (2020). Imagination and Transformations to Sustainable and Just Futures. https://online-ucpress-edu.mime.uit.no/elementa/article/8/1/081/114610/Imagination-and-transformations-to-sustainable-and
Nguyen, Nhi (2023) What is self-assessment? Best strategies to promote self-regulation and autonomy. https://feedbackfruits.com/blog/what-is-self-assessment-best-strategies-to-promote-self-regulation-and-autonomy
NPC (n.d.). The Three Horizons Framework. https://www.thinknpc.org/resource-hub/systems-practice-toolkit/the-three-horizons-framework/#:~:text=Home%20%C2%BB%20Resource%20hub%20%C2%BB%20Systems%20Practice,represents%20the%20desired%20future%20system
Oliveira, B., Bremner, J., Borja, A., Arvanitidis, C., Vastenhoud, B. M., & Lusseau, D. (2026). Can recognising pluralistic worldviews in marine social-ecological systems help achieve sustainable scenarios?. Ocean & Coastal Management, 274, 108067. https://doi-org.mime.uit.no/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.108067
Oregon State University (2026) Snowball Sampling. https://research.oregonstate.edu/ori/irb/policies-and-guidance-investigators/guidance/snowball-sampling
Overdiek & Genova (2021) Evaluating living labs? – an overview of existing methods and tools. White Paper, The Hague University of Applied Sciences: The Hague. https://www.thuas.com/sites/hhs/files/documents/Evaluation%20LL_Nov2021_Overdiek_Genova.pdf
Paiu, A., Panait, A.M., Proca, I., Inoascu, A., Voiculescu, L. (n.d.). Using MML in capacity building – Good practices and recommendations for successful results delivering a comprehensive description of activities and experiences of the MML workshops. https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/documents/downloadPublic?documentIds=080166e514ec94fc&appId=PPGMS
Pawson, R., & Tilley, N. (2004). Realist evaluation. https://cnxus.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/RE_chapter.pdf
Ponce, P., Lugo, E., Bastida, J. H., Fayek, A. R., & Molina, A. (2023). A strategic decision framework using soft-computing for agri-food production: case study living lab in universities. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM), 17(1), 125-144. https://link-springer-com.mime.uit.no/article/10.1007/s12008-022-01192-6
Ponce, P., Lugo, E., Bastida, J. H., Fayek, A. R., & Molina, A. (2023). A strategic decision framework using soft-computing for agri-food production: case study living lab in universities. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM), 17(1), 125-144. https://link-springer-com.mime.uit.no/article/10.1007/s12008-022-01192-6
PREPSOIL (n.d.): PREPSOIL Conceptual Framework & Workshop Kit https://prepsoil.eu/living-labs-and-lighthouses/conceptual-framework-workshop-kit#:~:text=A%20Tool%20for%20Action:%20The,and%20what%20goals%20to%20prioritize
Project Management Institute (2022): Gantt Charts and Agile Planning. https://www.pmi.org/disciplined-agile/agile/agilegantt
Rawlings (n.d.). Brainstorming techniques. FutureLearn.https://www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/developing-ideas-and-content-for-your-digital-strategy/0/steps/388039
Reichwein, B. (n.d.). SWOT Analysis. https://www.betterevaluation.org/methods-approaches/methods/swot-analysis
Revez, A., Mullaly, G., Ó Gallachóir, B., Harris, C., Barry, J., Dunphy, N., Ellis, G., Bolger, P., Boyle, E., McGookin, C., Hatchett, B., Fein, N., Rogan, F., O’Dwyer, B., Dozier, A., Flood, S., Glynn, J., Byrne, E. (2020) Deliberative Futures Toolkit. https://www.ucc.ie/en/media/projectsandcentres/imagining2050/Imagining2050Toolkit.pdf
Rose, P. K., Malin, B., Sara, G., Moriggi, A., & Siri, P. (2018). Arts-Based Methods for Transformative Engagement. A Toolkit. SUSPLACE: https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/arts-based-methods-for-transformative-engagement-a-toolkit/
Sayani, R. (2025). Towards Resilient Ecosystems and Livelihoods: A PESTLE Examination of Lake Victoria’s Fisheries. International Journal on. https://ijmar.net/index.php/ijmar/article/view/25/7
Šker & Floričić (2020). Living Lab – Creative environment and thinking techniques for tourism development. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems 18(2-B), 258-270. indecs2020-pp258-270.pdf
Tan, Y. V., & Roy, J. (2019). Bayesian additive regression trees and the General BART model. Statistics in medicine, 38(25), 5048-5069. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6800811/
Thomson, A., Rabsch, K., Barnard, S. H., Dainty, A., Hassan, T. M., Bonder, G., … & Romano, M. J. (2020). Community of practice Co-creation Toolkit v.2. https://inspire.europamedia.org/assets/content/attachments/ACT_D2.7_Co-creation_Toolkit_Version2.0_31AUG2021.pdf
Tip, T. (2011). Guidelines for drawing causal loop diagrams. Systems Thinker, 22(1), 5-7. https://thesystemsthinker.com/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/220109pk.pdf
Tiwari, A., Rodrigues, L. C., Lucy, F. E., & Gharbia, S. (2022). Building climate resilience in coastal city living labs using ecosystem-based adaptation: A systematic review. Sustainability, 14(17), 10863. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/17/10863
Tiwari, A., Rodrigues, L. C., Nalakurthi, S. R., & Gharbia, S. (2025). Public perceptions of climate risks, vulnerability, and adaptation strategies: Fuzzy cognitive mapping in Irish and Spanish living labs. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 26, 100678 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665972725000996
Várkonyi, Máté (2024) How to run a Scoping Workshop [Example Agendas]. https://verycreatives.com/blog/scoping-workshop-agenda
VeneKlasen, L., & Miller, V. (2002). Power and empowerment. PLA notes, 43, 39-41.: https://www.iied.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/migrate/G01985.pdf
Vervoort, K., Konstantinidis, E., Desole, M., Onur, O., Trousse, B., Garatea, J., … & Bamidis, P. (2024). An harmonized assessment method and KPIs for evaluating living labs. In Proceedings of the XXXV ISPIM Innovation Conference.
Vervoort, J. M., van Haasbergen, L., & Beaudoin, A. (2025) – Visioning and Societal Transformation: Guidelines and Inspirations.: Imagining2050Toolkit.pdf https://www.uu.nl/sites/default/files/Visioning%20and%20societal%20transformation%20-%20Guidelines%20and%20inspirations%202025.pdf
Waddington, H., Sonnenfeld, A., Finetti, J., Gaarder, M., John, D., & Stevenson, J. (2019). Citizen engagement in public services in low‐and middle‐income countries: A mixed‐methods systematic review of participation, inclusion, transparency and accountability (PITA) initiatives. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 15(1-2), e1025. https://pmc-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.mime.uit.no/articles/PMC8356537/
Wang, Q., Coemans, S., Siegesmund, R., & Hannes, K. (2017). Arts-based methods in socially engaged research practice: A classification framework. Art/Research International: A Transdisciplinary Journal, 2(2), 5-39.: View of Arts-based Methods in Socially Engaged Research Practice: A Classification Framework
Western Balkans Info Hub (2026). NATI00NS Soil Living Labs Online Matchmaking Event. https://westernbalkans-infohub.eu/events/nati00ns-soil-living-labs-online-matchmaking-event/#:~:text=NATI00NS%20Soil%20Living%20Labs%20Online,Website